Batteries are one of the most important inventions of modern times, with their ability to store energy and power electrical items ranging from cars and phones to machines and robots. But how exactly do they work?
In its simplest form, a battery consists of two different types of metal (such as nickel and cadmium) that have been dipped in an acidic solution. When the two metals are connected via a wire, electrons flow from one metal to the other creating an electrical current. This current can be used to power things like LED lights, speakers or motors.
The chemical reaction that takes place inside a battery is known as oxidation-reduction or redox for short. During this reaction, electrons are transferred between atoms causing them to become charged or uncharged leading to the production of electricity. This exchange of electrons is what gives batteries their unique ability to store energy that can then be released as electricity when needed.
Batteries come in many shapes and sizes depending on the purpose they serve. For example, lead-acid batteries are often used in cars due to their high storage capacity while button cells are used in remote controls or watches due to their small size and long life span.
Thanks to advances in technology such as lithium ion cells, batteries have become smaller yet more powerful over time meaning devices can now run for longer on less energy; something which has been essential for powering our ever-shrinking electronics like smartphones and tablets.
If you want an even deeper look into how batteries work then we recommend checking out “The Battery,” a documentary which covers everything from scientific principles behind battery
